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General Active-RC filter model for computer-aided design
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S. KOZIEL and S. SZCZEPANSKI | 
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In the paper, a general topology of continuous-time Active-RC filter is presented. The model includes all possible Active-RC filter 
structures as particular cases and allows us to analyze them using a unified algebraic formalism. This makes it suitable for use in computeraided
analysis and design of Active-RC filters. By its construction, the model takes into account the finite DC gain and the finite bandwidth
as well as non-zero output resistance of operational amplifiers. Filters with ideal OPAMPs can be treated as particular cases. Sensitivity and
noise analysis of Active-RC filters is also performed in the proposed general setting. The correctness of the model is verified by comparison
with SPICE simulation.
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| Keywords: | 
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 Active-RC filters, continuous-time filters, sensitivity, noise analysis, computer-aided
design
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